{"id":418,"date":"2022-09-28T21:34:46","date_gmt":"2022-09-28T21:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/?p=418"},"modified":"2022-11-20T20:02:28","modified_gmt":"2022-11-20T20:02:28","slug":"how-anonymous-are-bitcoin-transactions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/how-anonymous-are-bitcoin-transactions\/","title":{"rendered":"How anonymous are Bitcoin transactions?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometime we can hear that Bitcoin payments are not really anonymous. Ok, let&#8217;s try to test this statement and try to find out as much information as possible about some random transaction. One should not take this test very serious because resources and knowledge we have cannot be compared with some intelligence office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-experiment\">The experiment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For our experiment let&#8217;s take a <a href=\"https:\/\/blockstream.info\/tx\/7b984df2e9407e4781ccb7cf6700a513d07ac2d81e6946cd5e6171d270cad68f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">random transaction from the blockchain explorer<\/a> and dig into it using various methods. You can then repeat the steps for any other transaction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We could do some prior investigation on the pre-selected transaction and then present you the results but we will not do it. We want clear experiment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ID: <code>7b984df2e9407e4781ccb7cf6700a513d07ac2d81e6946cd5e6171d270cad68f<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tools<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What can help us identify the transaction parties? There are few public resources which can be used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Blockchain explorer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crystal explorer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Search engines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Blockchain explorer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A regular blockchain explorer already gives us few insights about this transaction. You might want to read our <a href=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/understanding-bitcoin-transactions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">previous article about Bitcoin transactions<\/a> to get some basic knowledge how to read explorer data on page. We skip this and move forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let go to the transaction <a href=\"https:\/\/blockstream.info\/tx\/7b984df2e9407e4781ccb7cf6700a513d07ac2d81e6946cd5e6171d270cad68f?expand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">page<\/a> and first thing we want to pay attention to is to this paragraph: <em>PRIVACY ANALYSIS<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-45x3.png\" alt class=\"wp-image-440 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-1024x60.png 1024w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-300x17.png 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-768x45.png 768w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-1100x66.png 1100w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-45x3.png 45w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis.png 1133w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-width=\"1024\" data-height=\"60\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-1024x60.png\" style=\"height: 0; width: 1024px; padding-bottom: 5.86%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-1024x60.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-1024x60.png 1024w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-300x17.png 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-768x45.png 768w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-1100x66.png 1100w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis-45x3.png 45w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/privacy-analysis.png 1133w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Privacy insights on the blockchain explorer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transaction is marked as <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#00a128\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>green<\/strong><\/mark>. This is good for privacy. This means that the transaction does NOT <strong>1.<\/strong> re-use addresses <strong>2.<\/strong> use change addresses <strong>3.<\/strong> use multiple outputs. If the <strong>(3)<\/strong> was not the case, we could link transaction to multiple addresses of the one owner. The more addresses of the same owner we know, the more are the chances to identify the owner. So far so good. If you want to understand this paragraph better, please check on this <a href=\"https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Privacy#Blockchain_attacks_on_privacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">article about Bitcoin privacy leaks<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ok, so far we can only say that address <code>bc1qe0ez4dewasw04tt7tfn2902quxw3hasqlw4jq4<\/code> sent almost 5 BTC in total to 69 different addresses. No change address were used which could mean that it&#8217;s not a self-transfer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Crystal Explorer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are many different services which help to measure Bitcoin transaction and address risk level. One of them is <a href=\"https:\/\/explorer.crystalblockchain.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Crystal Blockchain<\/a>. Since it&#8217;s public and free (for most cases) let&#8217;s try to see if it can help us to dig some more info about our transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The below image illustrates the output we get for this transaction. We have expanded the visualization as a tree to see all outputs to the addresses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-45x45.png\" alt class=\"wp-image-441 lazy\" width=\"639\" height=\"635\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer.png 919w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-768x764.png 768w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-45x45.png 45w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" data-width=\"639\" data-height=\"635\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer.png\" style=\"height: 0; width: 639px; padding-bottom: 99.37%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-441\" width=\"639\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer.png 919w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-768x764.png 768w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/crystal-explorer-45x45.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Crystal blockchain transaction visualization<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crystal Blockchain tracks and analyzes connections between addresses and luckily they have some info regarding some receiving addresses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"886\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner-45x17.png\" alt class=\"wp-image-442 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner.png 886w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner-45x17.png 45w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 886px) 100vw, 886px\" data-width=\"886\" data-height=\"335\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner.png\" style=\"height: 0; width: 886px; padding-bottom: 37.81%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"886\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner.png 886w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/owner-45x17.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 886px) 100vw, 886px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">One of the receiver<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the receiver is GoUrl.io. We checked the website and it claims to be a crypto payment gateway. We could identify few more: <em>Bitso<\/em> (crypto exchange), <em>ByBit<\/em> (another exchange), <em>Binance<\/em> (again crypto exchange), many unidentified wallets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, what do we have now. This looks like a payout sent to multiple receiving addresses, some on exchanges, for some purchase and some unknown receivers. What conclusion can be made: possible mass payout from some exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Backwards analysis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let make one step back and check the transaction made to <code><code>bc1qe0ez4dewasw04tt7tfn2902quxw3hasqlw4jq4<\/code><\/code> before it sent that multi-payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"603\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout-45x60.png\" alt class=\"wp-image-443 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout.png 450w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout-224x300.png 224w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout-45x60.png 45w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" data-width=\"450\" data-height=\"603\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout.png\" style=\"height: 0; width: 450px; padding-bottom: 134.00%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"603\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout.png 450w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout-224x300.png 224w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/trasactionbeforepayout-45x60.png 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Possible exchange payout<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Again we can see strong connection with exchanges but we could not see the owner. So we did one step back again and identified a prior transaction: <code>107e88e15611ba26149cc36d87c648e6fa546a63dbc1da782fd4aa55cba6fb91<\/code> with many inputs and only one output. This means it was a highly likely transfer between same owner. And this owner is viola &#8211; <em>Coinbase<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-45x29.png\" alt class=\"wp-image-444 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-1024x660.png 1024w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-768x495.png 768w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-45x29.png 45w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase.png 1138w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" data-width=\"1024\" data-height=\"660\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-1024x660.png\" style=\"height: 0; width: 1024px; padding-bottom: 64.45%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-1024x660.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-1024x660.png 1024w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-768x495.png 768w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase-45x29.png 45w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/coinbase.png 1138w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, what do we know so far. The wallet <code><code><code>bc1qe0ez4dewasw04tt7tfn2902quxw3hasqlw4jq4<\/code><\/code><\/code> is highly likely a Coinbase payout wallet. Knowing that some authorized party can make a request to Coinbase and identify all receivers of the transaction we are digging into. Coinbase is a KYC exchange and they keep records of the customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Search engines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We were not able to find any information regarding possible owners of unidentified receiving wallets on the search engines. This is good. Transaction utilizes good privacy practise but still we know that it a mass payout from Coinbase to its users. Also not so long ago (Oct 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/oag.ca.gov\/system\/files\/09-24-2021%20Customer%20Notification.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Coinbase reported a data leak<\/a> of 6000 customers accounts, this means that not only authorities might gain access to the Coinbase users information.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sometime we can hear that Bitcoin payments are not really anonymous. Ok, let&#8217;s try to test this statement and try to find out as much information as possible about some random transaction. One should not take this test very serious because resources and knowledge we have cannot be compared with some intelligence office. The experiment [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"stax_block_gap":"","stax_show_title_section":"","stax_single_post_media_panel_height":"","stax_single_post_media_panel_text":"","stax_single_post_cateory_breadcrumb":"","stax_single_post_title_position":"","stax_single_post_title_align":"","stax_single_post_title_extra_align":"","stax_single_post_title_size":"","stax_single_post_image_width":"","stax_single_post_image_format":"","stax_single_post_audio_panel":"","stax_single_post_video_panel":"","stax_single_post_video_width":"","stax_single_post_gallery_panel":"","stax_single_post_gallery_width":"","stax_single_post_gallery_slides":"","stax_single_post_meta_author_avatar":"","stax_single_post_meta_author_name":"","stax_single_post_meta_post_date":"","stax_single_post_meta_reading_time":"","stax_single_post_shapes":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17,3],"tags":[84,85],"class_list":["post-418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bitcoin","category-privacy","tag-bitcoin-anonymous","tag-bitcoin-owner-check"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.12 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How anonymous are Bitcoin transactions?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this article we try to dig into a random Bitcoin transaction and find out how anonymous this cryptocurrency is.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/how-anonymous-are-bitcoin-transactions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How anonymous are Bitcoin transactions?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this article we try to dig into a random Bitcoin transaction and find out how anonymous this cryptocurrency is.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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