{"id":47,"date":"2021-12-28T11:10:41","date_gmt":"2021-12-28T11:10:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/?p=47"},"modified":"2023-03-20T21:16:26","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T21:16:26","slug":"aes-256-encrypted-ubuntu-setup-with-luks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/aes-256-encrypted-ubuntu-setup-with-luks\/","title":{"rendered":"AES-256 encrypted Ubuntu setup with LUKS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-aes-256\">What is AES-256<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AES-256 is the first and only publicly accessible standard which was approved by NSA (US National Security Agency) to protect top secret information. 256 refers to the number of transformation rounds (14) which convert the input (origin) into the output (ciphertext). AES is a symmetric key algorithm, which means that same key is used to encrypt and de-crypt the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-aes-256-implemented-in-ubuntu\">How AES-256 implemented in Ubuntu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AES-256 is implemented via LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) based on cryptsetup and dm-crypt. With LUKS both partitions and boot loader are encrypted. The latter means that you will be prompted to enter your passphrase at boot to decrypt and load OS. Other supported by LUKS encryption modes are CBC, ESSIV, SHA-256.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"setup\">Setup<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ubuntu 20.04 setup starts with default things like language select, updates and network setup. We will not be focusing much on this, because it&#8217;s pretty straightforward. You can check these steps on the <em>Pictures 1 and 2<\/em> below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ubuntu ISOs can be found on the official website: <a href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/download<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"597\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu select language\" class=\"wp-image-49 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select.jpg 795w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select-768x577.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" data-width=\"795\" data-height=\"597\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 795px; padding-bottom: 75.09%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"597\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu select language\" class=\"wp-image-49\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select.jpg 795w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-lang-select-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture 1. Select language<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We do not need network very much for this setup, so I skip it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu network setup\" class=\"wp-image-50 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup.jpg 791w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup-768x574.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" data-width=\"791\" data-height=\"591\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 791px; padding-bottom: 74.72%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu network setup\" class=\"wp-image-50\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup.jpg 791w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ubuntu-network-setup-768x574.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture 2. Networking setup<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once you are on the storage configuration (<em>pic. 3<\/em>) page, you will need to select <em>&#8220;Encrypt the LVM group with LUKS&#8221;<\/em> and create your passphrase. <strong>Important<\/strong>, make sure that this passphrase has very <a href=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/what-is-strong-password\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">strong difficulty<\/a> because it&#8217;s used to decrypt the partition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"793\" height=\"596\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu select Encrypt LVM LUKS\" class=\"wp-image-51 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu.jpg 793w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu-768x577.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 793px) 100vw, 793px\" data-width=\"793\" data-height=\"596\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 793px; padding-bottom: 75.16%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"793\" height=\"596\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu select Encrypt LVM LUKS\" class=\"wp-image-51\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu.jpg 793w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/selecy-encryption-ubuntu-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 793px) 100vw, 793px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture 3. Select<em> &#8220;Encrypt the LVM&#8230;<\/em>&#8220;. Enter passphrase.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Next you will be directed to the partitioning page. Default partitions look like on <em>pic. 4<\/em>. If check, you will see that there is a default LVM mounted which is not encrypted (ubuntu-lv). We need to unmount and delete it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"794\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu default partitions\" class=\"wp-image-52 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions.jpg 794w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions-768x574.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\" data-width=\"794\" data-height=\"593\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 794px; padding-bottom: 74.69%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"794\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu default partitions\" class=\"wp-image-52\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions.jpg 794w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/default-partitions-768x574.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture 4. Select &#8220;\/&#8221; partition, press &#8220;Enter&#8221;, Unmount.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"789\" height=\"596\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu delete non encrypted partitions\" class=\"wp-image-53 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv.jpg 789w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv-768x580.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" data-width=\"789\" data-height=\"596\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 789px; padding-bottom: 75.54%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"789\" height=\"596\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu delete non encrypted partitions\" class=\"wp-image-53\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv.jpg 789w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/unmount-delete-ubuntu-lv-768x580.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture 5. Delete unmounted <em>ubuntu-lv<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After we have deleted the ubuntu-lv, like it&#8217;s shown on <em>pic. 5<\/em>, we are ready to create new encrypted Logical Volume (<em>pic. 6 and 7<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu create LV\" class=\"wp-image-54 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume.jpg 797w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume-768x571.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" data-width=\"797\" data-height=\"593\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 797px; padding-bottom: 74.40%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume.jpg\" alt=\"Ubuntu create LV\" class=\"wp-image-54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume.jpg 797w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/create-log-volume-768x571.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture 6. Create encrypted Logical Volume<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume.jpg\" alt=\"Resize LV\" class=\"wp-image-55 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume.jpg 795w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume-768x571.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" data-width=\"795\" data-height=\"591\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 795px; padding-bottom: 74.34%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume.jpg\" alt=\"Resize LV\" class=\"wp-image-55\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume.jpg 795w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sizing-new-volume-768x571.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture 7. Sizing new Logical Volume.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enter full <strong>Size<\/strong> of the partition and press <strong>Create<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After all, your partitions should look like that (pic. 8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"798\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning.jpg\" alt=\"Final partitioning\" class=\"wp-image-56 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning.jpg 798w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning-768x569.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" data-width=\"798\" data-height=\"591\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 798px; padding-bottom: 74.06%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"798\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning.jpg\" alt=\"Final partitioning\" class=\"wp-image-56\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning.jpg 798w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/done-partitioning-768x569.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Picture 8. Done partitioning.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After you finish partitioning, you will be asked to name your server and create username and password. These are regular login details and not for decrypting your disk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><kbd><em>Done.<\/em><br><em>Done.<\/em><br><em>Reboot Now<\/em><\/kbd><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At boot you will be prompted for passphrase to decrypt your disk. <strong>Important<\/strong>, forgetting the password means all your data is lost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><span class=\"placeholder-el\" data-svq-align=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot.jpg\" alt=\"passphrase at boot ubuntu LUKS encryption\" class=\"wp-image-57 lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot.jpg 795w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot-768x573.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" data-width=\"795\" data-height=\"593\" data-src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot.jpg\" style=\"height: 0; width: 795px; padding-bottom: 74.59%;\"><span class=\"svq-img-loader\"><\/span><\/span><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot.jpg\" alt=\"passphrase at boot ubuntu LUKS encryption\" class=\"wp-image-57\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot.jpg 795w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/yohost.org\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/decrypt-boot-768x573.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you do not want to deep dive into encryption technologies yourself, we at yohost.org can offer ready-to-go <a href=\"https:\/\/yohost.org\/remote-workstation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">encrypted remote desktops<\/a>. Different operating systems are available, including Windows.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is AES-256 AES-256 is the first and only publicly accessible standard which was approved by NSA (US National Security Agency) to protect top secret information. 256 refers to the number of transformation rounds (14) which convert the input (origin) into the output (ciphertext). AES is a symmetric key algorithm, which means that same key [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"stax_block_gap":"","stax_show_title_section":"","stax_single_post_media_panel_height":"","stax_single_post_media_panel_text":"","stax_single_post_cateory_breadcrumb":"","stax_single_post_title_position":"","stax_single_post_title_align":"","stax_single_post_title_extra_align":"","stax_single_post_title_size":"","stax_single_post_image_width":"","stax_single_post_image_format":"","stax_single_post_audio_panel":"","stax_single_post_video_panel":"","stax_single_post_video_width":"","stax_single_post_gallery_panel":"","stax_single_post_gallery_width":"","stax_single_post_gallery_slides":"","stax_single_post_meta_author_avatar":"","stax_single_post_meta_author_name":"","stax_single_post_meta_post_date":"","stax_single_post_meta_reading_time":"","stax_single_post_shapes":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,3,5],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-47","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-encryption","category-privacy","category-security","tag-ubuntu-encrypted-setup-with-luks"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.12 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - 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